Radio frequency antennas are devices that transmit and receive electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency spectrum. They convert electrical energy into radio waves and vice versa, allowing for communication over various distances. Commonly used in devices like cell phones, radios, and television, antennas come in various shapes and sizes, each designed for specific frequencies and applications. These antennas operate by creating an oscillating electric current, which generates radio waves that travel through the air. The design and placement of an antenna significantly affect its performance, including factors like gain, directivity, and bandwidth. Properly functioning antennas are essential for effective wireless communication systems.