The RSA algorithm is a widely used method for secure data transmission. It relies on the mathematical properties of prime numbers to encrypt and decrypt messages. The process involves generating two large prime numbers, which are multiplied together to create a public key and a private key. The public key is shared openly, while the private key is kept secret. When someone wants to send a secure message, they use the recipient's public key to encrypt it. Only the recipient, who possesses the corresponding private key, can decrypt the message. This ensures that only the intended recipient can read the information, providing confidentiality and security.