RAM modules are essential components in computers that temporarily store data for quick access by the processor. They allow the system to run multiple applications simultaneously by providing fast read and write speeds. The more RAM a computer has, the better it can handle demanding tasks like gaming or video editing. These modules come in various types, such as DDR4 and DDR5, each offering different speeds and capacities. They are typically installed on the motherboard and can be upgraded to improve overall system performance. Properly functioning RAM is crucial for a smooth computing experience.