The Qajar Era refers to a period in Iranian history from 1789 to 1925, marked by the rule of the Qajar dynasty. This era began when Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar unified Iran after a time of fragmentation and established Tehran as the capital. The Qajars faced numerous challenges, including foreign invasions and internal strife, which influenced the political landscape of the region. During the Qajar Era, Iran experienced significant social and cultural changes, including the introduction of modern education and the press. The period also saw the rise of nationalist movements and constitutional reforms, culminating in the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911. This movement aimed to limit the power of the monarchy and establish a parliamentary system.