Pulmonary diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the lungs and respiratory system. Common examples include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia. These diseases can cause symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest pain, impacting a person's ability to breathe effectively. The causes of pulmonary diseases vary and can include factors like smoking, exposure to pollutants, and infections. Diagnosis often involves medical history, physical examinations, and tests such as chest X-rays or pulmonary function tests. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery.