Pulmonary assessment is a clinical evaluation of the respiratory system to determine lung function and identify any abnormalities. It typically includes a review of the patient's medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as spirometry and chest X-rays. These tools help healthcare providers assess airflow, lung capacity, and the presence of any respiratory conditions. During the physical examination, healthcare providers may observe the patient's breathing patterns, listen to lung sounds with a stethoscope, and check for signs of respiratory distress. This comprehensive approach aids in diagnosing conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia, guiding appropriate treatment plans.