The Puerto Rican independence movement seeks to establish Puerto Rico as an independent nation, separate from the United States. This movement has roots in the late 19th century, gaining momentum after the island became a U.S. territory in 1898. Advocates argue for self-determination and cultural preservation, emphasizing the importance of national identity. Various political parties, such as the Puerto Rican Independence Party, have emerged to promote independence. The movement has seen both peaceful protests and more radical actions, reflecting a range of opinions among Puerto Ricans about their political status. The debate continues, with some favoring statehood or maintaining the current territorial status.