Protestantism in Germany began in the early 16th century with the actions of Martin Luther, who challenged the practices of the Roman Catholic Church. His 95 Theses, posted in 1517, sparked the Reformation, leading to the establishment of various Protestant denominations, including Lutheranism and Calvinism. Today, Germany has a significant Protestant population, primarily in the northern and eastern regions. The Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD) represents many of these communities, promoting ecumenical dialogue and social justice. Protestantism continues to play a vital role in Germany's cultural and religious landscape.