Proteolysis is the biological process in which proteins are broken down into smaller peptides or amino acids. This process is essential for various cellular functions, including digestion, cell signaling, and the recycling of cellular components. Enzymes called proteases or peptidases facilitate proteolysis by cleaving the peptide bonds that link amino acids together. Proteolysis occurs in different locations within the body, such as the stomach and small intestine, where dietary proteins are digested. It also plays a crucial role in regulating protein levels and activity within cells, helping to maintain cellular homeostasis and respond to environmental changes.