Protectionism is an economic policy that aims to shield a country's industries from foreign competition. Governments implement protectionist measures, such as tariffs and import quotas, to make imported goods more expensive or limit their availability. This is intended to encourage consumers to buy domestic products, which can help local businesses grow and protect jobs. However, while protectionism can benefit certain industries, it can also lead to higher prices for consumers and reduced choices in the market. Critics argue that it can provoke trade wars, as countries retaliate against each other's policies, ultimately harming global trade and economic growth.