Proper names are specific names used to identify unique individuals, places, or organizations. They are capitalized to distinguish them from common nouns. For example, John, Paris, and Microsoft are all proper names that refer to specific entities. Proper names help us communicate clearly by providing precise references. Unlike common nouns, which can refer to any member of a group, proper names point to one particular item. This distinction is important in language, as it allows for accurate identification and avoids confusion in conversation and writing.