A projective transformation is a mathematical operation that relates points in one space to points in another, often used in geometry and computer graphics. It allows for the mapping of shapes and images, preserving the properties of lines and intersections while altering distances and angles. This transformation can be represented using matrices, making it a powerful tool for various applications. In computer vision, projective transformations help in tasks like image stitching and perspective correction. By adjusting the viewpoint of an image, these transformations enable the creation of panoramic views or the alignment of images taken from different angles, enhancing visual representation and analysis.