Programming techniques refer to the various methods and strategies used to write and organize code effectively. These techniques help developers create efficient, maintainable, and scalable software. Common programming techniques include object-oriented programming, functional programming, and procedural programming, each offering unique approaches to problem-solving and code structure. Additionally, programming techniques often involve the use of algorithms and data structures to optimize performance. Techniques such as recursion, iteration, and modular programming enable developers to break down complex tasks into simpler, manageable parts. Mastering these techniques is essential for producing high-quality software and improving overall coding skills.