Programming errors, often referred to as bugs, are mistakes made in the code that prevent a program from functioning as intended. These errors can arise from various sources, such as incorrect syntax, logical flaws, or misinterpretation of requirements. Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing these issues to ensure the software operates correctly. There are several types of programming errors, including syntax errors, which occur when the code does not follow the proper rules of the programming language, and runtime errors, which happen during program execution. Understanding and addressing these errors is crucial for developers to create reliable and efficient software.