The Producer-Consumer Problem is a classic synchronization issue in computer science, where two types of processes, producers and consumers, share a common buffer. Producers create data and place it into the buffer, while consumers take data from the buffer for processing. The challenge lies in ensuring that producers do not add data when the buffer is full and that consumers do not attempt to remove data when the buffer is empty. To manage this problem, synchronization mechanisms like semaphores or mutexes are often used. These tools help coordinate access to the buffer, preventing race conditions and ensuring that both producers and consumers operate smoothly without conflicts.