Processor architecture refers to the design and organization of a computer's central processing unit (CPU). It defines how the CPU processes instructions, manages data, and interacts with other components. Key elements include the instruction set architecture (ISA), which specifies the commands the CPU can execute, and the microarchitecture, which details how these instructions are implemented at the hardware level. Different types of processor architectures exist, such as x86 and ARM, each optimized for specific tasks. These architectures influence performance, power consumption, and efficiency, making them crucial for applications ranging from personal computers to mobile devices and servers.