The "Problem of Evil" is a philosophical and theological dilemma that questions how a benevolent and omnipotent God can allow the existence of evil and suffering in the world. It challenges the compatibility of theism—the belief in a good and all-powerful deity—with the observable presence of pain, injustice, and moral wrongdoing. This problem has led to various responses, including theodicies, which attempt to justify God's allowance of evil as a means to achieve greater goods or to provide humans with free will. Philosophers and theologians, such as Augustine and Leibniz, have explored these ideas, seeking to reconcile faith with the harsh realities of human experience.