A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is a flat board made of insulating material that connects electronic components using conductive pathways. These pathways are usually made of copper and are etched onto the board's surface. PCBs are essential in almost all electronic devices, from smartphones to computers, as they provide a stable platform for components like resistors, capacitors, and microchips to work together. The design of a PCB is crucial for the performance of electronic devices. Engineers use specialized software to create the layout, ensuring that each component is placed correctly and that the electrical connections are efficient. Without PCBs, modern electronics would be much larger and more complicated, making them less reliable and harder to manufacture.