A potentiometer is an electrical component used to measure and control voltage. It consists of a resistive element and a movable contact, called a wiper, which slides along the resistive path. By adjusting the position of the wiper, users can change the resistance and, consequently, the voltage output. Potentiometers are commonly found in devices like volume controls in audio equipment and brightness settings in screens. These components come in various types, including linear and rotary potentiometers. A linear potentiometer has a straight resistive path, while a rotary potentiometer has a circular motion. Both types are essential in applications where precise adjustments of electrical signals are needed, such as in audio systems and instrumentation.