Post-Keynesian economics is a school of thought that builds on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, emphasizing the importance of demand in driving economic activity. It argues that markets are not always efficient and can be influenced by uncertainty, expectations, and social factors. This perspective often critiques mainstream economic theories that assume rational behavior and equilibrium. Post-Keynesians advocate for active government intervention to stabilize the economy and promote full employment. They focus on issues like income distribution, financial instability, and the role of institutions in shaping economic outcomes, highlighting the complexities of real-world economies compared to simplified models.