Portuguese settlements were established during the Age of Exploration, primarily in the 15th and 16th centuries. These settlements were located in various parts of the world, including Brazil, parts of Africa, and Asia. The Portuguese aimed to expand trade routes and establish colonies for resources like sugar, spices, and gold. In Brazil, the Portuguese founded cities such as Salvador and Rio de Janeiro, which became important cultural and economic centers. In Africa, they established trading posts along the coast, while in Asia, they created settlements in places like Goa and Macau, facilitating trade with local populations and other European powers.