The Portuguese colonial period began in the early 15th century when Portugal started exploring and establishing overseas territories. This era saw the establishment of colonies in regions such as Brazil, parts of Africa, and Asia, including Goa and Macau. The Portuguese aimed to expand trade routes and spread Christianity, leading to significant cultural exchanges and the introduction of new crops and goods. During this period, the Portuguese engaged in the Atlantic slave trade, transporting enslaved Africans to work on plantations, particularly in Brazil. The colonial rule lasted for several centuries, with Portugal maintaining control until the 20th century, when many colonies gained independence, reshaping global dynamics.