The Portuguese Age of Exploration began in the early 15th century, driven by a desire for new trade routes and territories. Under the leadership of figures like Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal developed advanced navigation techniques and ship designs, such as the caravel. This period saw explorers sail along the west coast of Africa, seeking gold and new lands. By the late 15th century, explorers like Vasco da Gama successfully reached India by sea, establishing crucial trade links. The Portuguese also discovered islands in the Atlantic and claimed territories in Brazil, significantly expanding their influence and wealth during this era.