The Polyakov action is a formulation in theoretical physics that describes the dynamics of two-dimensional surfaces, or strings, in a way that is consistent with quantum mechanics. It was introduced by Alexander Polyakov in the 1980s and is a key component in the study of string theory. The action is expressed in terms of the worldsheet, which is the two-dimensional surface traced out by a string as it moves through spacetime. In the Polyakov action, the primary focus is on the geometric properties of the worldsheet, particularly its area. This approach allows physicists to analyze how strings interact and propagate, leading to insights into the fundamental nature of particles and forces. The action is essential for understanding the behavior of strings in various physical contexts, including superstring theory and M-theory.