The Polonnaruwa Kingdom was a significant ancient kingdom in Sri Lanka, flourishing from the 11th to the 13th centuries. It became the capital after the fall of the Anuradhapura Kingdom and is known for its impressive architectural achievements, including temples, palaces, and gardens. The kingdom was a center of trade, agriculture, and culture, contributing to the development of Sri Lankan civilization. During its peak, the Polonnaruwa Kingdom was ruled by notable kings such as Parakramabahu I, who implemented advanced irrigation systems and promoted Buddhism. The kingdom's ruins, including the famous Gal Vihara rock temple, are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites, attracting visitors and historians alike.