A Polar Vortex is a large area of low pressure and cold air surrounding the Earth's poles. It is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the winter months, causing frigid air to spill southward into regions that are usually warmer. This can lead to extremely cold temperatures and severe winter weather in parts of North America, Europe, and Asia.
The Polar Vortex is influenced by various factors, including the jet stream and atmospheric conditions. When the vortex is strong, it remains stable near the poles. However, when it weakens, it can split or shift, allowing cold air to move into lower latitudes, impacting weather patterns and temperatures in places like the United States and Canada.