Plethodontidae, commonly known as lungless salamanders, are a family of amphibians primarily found in North and Central America. They are unique because they lack lungs and breathe through their skin and the lining of their mouths. This adaptation allows them to thrive in moist environments, where they can absorb oxygen directly from the air. These salamanders exhibit a wide range of sizes and colors, with over 400 species identified. They typically inhabit forests, caves, and streams, and play a crucial role in their ecosystems as both predators and prey. Their sensitivity to environmental changes makes them important indicators of ecosystem health.