Plant viruses are infectious agents that specifically target plants, causing various diseases that can affect growth, yield, and overall health. They are composed of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat. These viruses can spread through different means, including insects, contaminated tools, or infected seeds. Once a plant virus enters a host plant, it hijacks the plant's cellular machinery to replicate itself. Symptoms of infection may include yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and distorted fruits. Managing plant viruses often involves practices like crop rotation, using resistant plant varieties, and controlling insect vectors, such as aphids and whiteflies.