Pipeline processing is a technique used in computer architecture to improve the efficiency of instruction execution. It breaks down the execution process into several stages, allowing multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously. Each stage completes a part of the instruction, such as fetching, decoding, or executing, which helps to maximize the use of the CPU. This method is similar to an assembly line in manufacturing, where different tasks are performed in parallel. By overlapping the execution of instructions, pipeline processing can significantly increase the throughput of a processor, making it faster and more efficient in handling tasks.