Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor, Op. 111, is the final piano sonata composed by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1821-1822. This work is notable for its two contrasting movements: the first is intense and dramatic, while the second is serene and lyrical, showcasing Beethoven's innovative approach to form and expression. The sonata is often regarded as a significant milestone in the evolution of piano music, reflecting Beethoven's late style. The second movement, marked "Arietta," features a theme and variations that explore deep emotional and philosophical themes, making it a profound conclusion to his piano sonatas.