Phytoplasma are a group of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are known to infect plants. They are typically transmitted by sap-sucking insects, such as leafhoppers and aphids, which carry the bacteria from one plant to another. Phytoplasma can cause various plant diseases, leading to symptoms like yellowing leaves, stunted growth, and abnormal flowering. These bacteria reside in the phloem tissue of plants, disrupting the flow of nutrients and water. As a result, infected plants may exhibit reduced vigor and yield. Management of phytoplasma-related diseases often involves controlling the insect vectors and removing infected plants to prevent further spread.