Physical punishment refers to the use of physical force with the intention of causing pain or discomfort as a form of discipline. This can include actions such as spanking, hitting, or slapping. It is often used by parents or caregivers to correct behavior in children, but its effectiveness and ethical implications are widely debated. Research indicates that physical punishment can lead to negative outcomes, including increased aggression, behavioral problems, and mental health issues in children. Many child development experts, including organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics, recommend alternative disciplinary methods that promote positive behavior without the use of physical force.