Phototransduction is the process by which light is converted into electrical signals in the retina of the eye. This occurs primarily in specialized cells called photoreceptors, which include rods and cones. When light hits these cells, it triggers a chemical change in a pigment called rhodopsin in rods, leading to a series of biochemical reactions that ultimately generate an electrical signal. These electrical signals are then transmitted to bipolar cells and ganglion cells in the retina, which process the information and send it to the brain via the optic nerve. The brain interprets these signals as visual images, allowing us to perceive our surroundings.