Phonics is a method of teaching reading and writing by focusing on the sounds of letters and letter combinations. It helps learners understand how letters correspond to sounds, enabling them to decode words. For example, knowing that the letter "b" makes a /b/ sound helps children read words like "bat" and "ball." Phonics instruction often involves activities like sounding out words, blending sounds, and recognizing patterns. This approach is commonly used in early education to build a strong foundation for literacy. By mastering phonics, students can improve their reading skills and gain confidence in their ability to read independently.