Phoca vitulina, commonly known as the harbor seal, is a marine mammal found along the coastlines of the Northern Hemisphere. These seals are characterized by their spotted coats, which can vary in color from gray to brown. They typically measure between 5 to 6 feet in length and can weigh up to 300 pounds. Harbor seals are known for their ability to dive and hunt for fish, squid, and crustaceans in shallow waters. Harbor seals are often seen resting on rocky shores or sandy beaches, where they haul out to bask in the sun. They are social animals but can also be solitary. These seals are protected under various conservation laws due to habitat loss and hunting pressures, making their preservation important for marine ecosystems.