Philip II of Spain was born in 1527 and became king in 1556. He was the son of Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor, and ruled over a vast empire that included Spain, the Netherlands, and parts of the Americas. His reign is known for its strong Catholic influence and efforts to expand Spanish territories. Philip II is often remembered for his conflicts with England and France, as well as his role in the Spanish Armada in 1588, which aimed to invade England. His reign marked a significant period in European history, characterized by both cultural achievements and military challenges.