Phases refer to distinct stages in a process or cycle. For example, in the context of the moon, there are eight phases, including the new moon and full moon, which describe the moon's appearance as it orbits the Earth. Each phase represents a specific point in the lunar cycle, affecting tides and natural phenomena. In science, phases can also describe states of matter, such as solid, liquid, and gas. Each state has unique properties and behaviors, influenced by temperature and pressure. Understanding these phases helps explain various physical processes, from boiling water to the formation of clouds.