Phase separation is a process where a homogeneous mixture divides into distinct regions, each with different properties. This can occur in various systems, such as liquids, gases, or even biological cells. For example, when oil is mixed with water, the two substances do not blend uniformly and instead form separate layers due to differences in their molecular structures. In biological contexts, phase separation can help organize cellular components. For instance, proteins and RNA can form droplets within cells, creating specialized environments for biochemical reactions. This phenomenon is crucial for processes like gene expression and cell signaling, allowing cells to efficiently manage their internal activities.