Pharmaceutical excipients are inactive substances used in drug formulations to aid in the manufacturing process and enhance the stability, delivery, and effectiveness of the active ingredients. They can serve various functions, such as fillers, binders, preservatives, and flavoring agents, ensuring that medications are safe and effective for patients. These excipients are crucial in creating different dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, and liquids. Common examples include lactose, starch, and microcrystalline cellulose. By improving the overall quality and performance of pharmaceutical products, excipients play a vital role in the healthcare industry.