Peter Diamond is an American economist known for his work in labor economics, public finance, and macroeconomics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 2010 for his contributions to the understanding of markets with search frictions, which help explain unemployment and job matching processes. Diamond has held a long-standing position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he has influenced many students and researchers. His research has also contributed to the design of social security systems and the analysis of economic policies, making him a significant figure in contemporary economic thought.