A perm, short for "permanent wave," is a chemical treatment used to create curls or waves in hair. The process involves applying a chemical solution to the hair, which breaks down its natural structure, allowing it to be reshaped around rods or curlers. Once the desired shape is achieved, a neutralizer is applied to set the new curls in place. Perms can vary in size and style, from tight ringlets to loose waves, depending on the rods used and the technique applied. While the results can last for several months, the hair will eventually return to its natural state, requiring maintenance and care to keep it healthy.