Perming techniques involve the use of chemicals to create curls or waves in hair. The process typically includes wrapping sections of hair around rods and applying a perm solution, which breaks down the hair's protein structure. After a set time, a neutralizer is applied to lock in the new shape, resulting in long-lasting curls. There are various perming techniques, such as the cold perm, which uses room temperature solutions, and the hot perm, which involves heat to enhance the curling process. Each technique can produce different styles and textures, catering to individual preferences and hair types.