Perm techniques are methods used to create curls or waves in hair through chemical processes. The process typically involves applying a chemical solution to break down the hair's natural structure, followed by wrapping the hair around rods or curlers. After setting, a neutralizer is applied to reform the hair into the desired shape. There are various types of perm techniques, including cold perms, hot perms, and digital perms. Each technique varies in the chemicals used and the heat applied, resulting in different curl types and longevity. Proper consultation with a stylist is essential to choose the best technique for individual hair types and desired outcomes.