Peripheral proteins are a type of protein that are found on the surface of cell membranes. Unlike integral proteins, which are embedded within the membrane, peripheral proteins are loosely attached to the outer or inner surfaces. They play important roles in various cellular functions, including signaling, maintaining the cell's shape, and facilitating communication between cells. These proteins can interact with integral proteins or with other molecules in the cell. They are often involved in processes such as cell signaling, enzyme activity, and cell adhesion. Because they are not permanently attached, peripheral proteins can be easily removed or modified, allowing cells to adapt to changing conditions.