Percolation Theory is a mathematical framework used to study the movement and filtering of fluids through porous materials. It helps in understanding how substances like water or oil flow through soil or rock, which is crucial in fields such as geology, hydrology, and material science. The theory often involves analyzing networks or grids to determine how connected pathways allow for the flow of liquids. In essence, Percolation Theory examines the conditions under which a fluid can travel through a medium, focusing on the critical point where a connected path forms. This concept is applicable in various areas, including epidemiology for disease spread and computer science for network connectivity.