The Penrose process is a theoretical mechanism that allows energy extraction from a rotating black hole, specifically from its ergosphere. The ergosphere is a region outside the event horizon where objects cannot remain in place due to the intense gravitational pull. In this process, a particle can enter the ergosphere, split into two, and one part can escape while the other falls into the black hole, resulting in a net gain of energy. This concept was proposed by physicist Roger Penrose in 1969. The energy gained from the escaping particle can exceed the energy of the original particle that entered the ergosphere. The Penrose process highlights the fascinating interactions between matter and extreme gravitational fields, contributing to our understanding of black hole physics.