The penitentiary system is a method of managing individuals who have been convicted of crimes. It focuses on rehabilitation, punishment, and societal protection. Facilities, known as penitentiaries or prisons, are designed to house offenders while providing programs aimed at reducing recidivism, such as education and vocational training. This system varies by country and can include different types of institutions, such as minimum-security and maximum-security prisons. The goal is to help inmates reintegrate into society as law-abiding citizens, while also ensuring public safety and addressing the needs of victims of crime.