The Patriarchate of Moscow is the central governing body of the Russian Orthodox Church, which is one of the largest Orthodox Christian churches in the world. Established in the 16th century, it became an independent patriarchate in 1589. The Patriarchate oversees religious activities, church administration, and the spiritual life of Orthodox Christians in Russia and beyond. The current leader is Patriarch Kirill, who has held the position since 2009. The Patriarchate plays a significant role in Russian society, influencing cultural and political matters. It also engages in ecumenical dialogue with other Christian denominations and religious groups globally.