Pathological lying, also known as pseudologia fantastica, is a behavior characterized by compulsive or habitual lying. Individuals who engage in this behavior often fabricate stories or exaggerate truths without a clear motive, such as gaining personal benefit or avoiding punishment. This condition can lead to significant issues in personal relationships and social interactions. The reasons behind pathological lying can vary, including psychological factors such as low self-esteem or a desire for attention. It is often associated with other mental health disorders, such as antisocial personality disorder or narcissistic personality disorder. Treatment typically involves therapy to address underlying issues and improve honesty in communication.