Passenger railways are systems of trains designed to transport people from one location to another. They operate on fixed routes and schedules, connecting cities, towns, and regions. These trains can vary in speed and comfort, ranging from local commuter trains to high-speed services like the Shinkansen in Japan. Passenger railways offer an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to road travel. They reduce traffic congestion and lower carbon emissions compared to cars and airplanes. Many countries invest in their railway infrastructure to enhance connectivity and promote public transportation, making it easier for people to travel long distances.